ch 舌尖后送气清塞音。发音部位与zh 相同，但要尽量使气流从狭缝中冲出。声带不振动。是与zh 相对应的送气音。 An aspirated voiceless blade-palatal affricate. It is pronounced in position of "zh", but the air should be forced out through the narrow passage. The vocal cords do not vibrate. It is an aspirated equivalent of "zh". [i] 舌尖后元音，不圆唇。只出现在辅音zh ch sh r 后边。可先发r ，舌位不变，延长后不带擦音的部分就是[i]音。 A blade-palatal vowel without the lips rounded. It only follows these consonants like zh, ch, sh and r. It can be produced by first pronouncing r without moving the tongue and then keeping the sound there. The part without audible friction is [i].

sh 舌尖后清塞擦音。舌尖向上翘起，接近硬腭，形成一条狭缝使气流摩擦而出。声带不振动。 A voiceless blade-palatal fricative. It is pronounced by turning up the tongue tip close to the hard palate to make a narrow passage through which the air escapes with friction. The vocal cords do not vibrate. [i]舌尖后元音，不圆唇。只出现在辅音zh ch sh r 后边。可先发r ，舌位不变，延长后不带擦音的部分就是[i]音。 A blade-palatal vowel without the lips rounded. It only follows these consonants like zh, ch, sh and r. It can be produced by first pronouncing r without moving the tongue and then keeping the sound there. The part without audible friction is [i].

r 舌尖后浊擦音。发音部位与sh 相同，但摩擦力软轻，声带振动。 A voiced blade-palatal fricative. It is pronunced in position for "sh" ,but the friction is soft. The vocal cords vibrate. [i]舌尖后元音，不圆唇。只出现在辅音zh ch sh r 后边。可先发r ，舌位不变，延长后不带擦音的部分就是[i]音。 A blade-palatal vowel without the lips rounded. It only follows these consonants like zh, ch, sh and r. It can be produced by first pronouncing r without moving the tongue and then keeping the sound there. The part without audible friction is [i].